(CREATIVE WRITING OF PLAYSCRIPT WITH GUIDED WRITING STRATEGY)
Sony Sukmawan
ABSTRAK
Dalam penelitian ini, upaya peningkatan pembelajaran apresiasi sastra difokuskan pada apresiasi drama yang dikhususkan pada kegiatan menulis kreatif naskah drama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk pembelajaran menulis naskah drama dengan strategi menulis terbimbing (SMT) yang efektif untuk memahamkan siswa tentang struktur naskah dan membentuk kemampuan siswa menulis naskah drama. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (action research) dengan rancangan penelitian kualitatif yang dilaksanakan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu tahap (i) perencanaan pembelajaran, (ii) pelaksanaan pembelajaran, (iii) evaluasi hasil pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bimbingan dalam bentuk pemberian model naskah drama dan kartu struktur naskah yang tepat serta pemberian variasi strategi belajar dan praktik berbagi hasil, telah mampu mengarahkan siswa menulis naskah drama dengan beragam tema; dengan keringkasan, ketepatan, dan kelengkapan pemaparan perwatakan pelaku; dengan latar yang ringkas, nyata, khusus, dan lengkap; serta dengan penggarapan konflik yang hidup.
Kata kunci: menulis kreatif, naskah drama, menulis terbimbing
ABSTRACT
In this study, the efforts to increase the teaching and learning literary appreciation was focused on plays appreciation which was devoted to the activities of creative writing plays. This study was aimed at describing the form of learning to write a play with a guided writing strategy (SMT) which was found to be effective to promote the students’ understanding about the structure of the text and to shape the students’ ability to write a play. This research was class action (action research) and qualitative research design was implemented through three stages, namely the stage (i) learning plan, (ii) the implementation of learning, (iii) the evaluation of learning. These results indicate that the guidance in the form of models and correct script structure cards and the provision of variety of learning strategies and practices to share the results, have been able to direct the students to write a play with a variety of themes concisely, accurately and with completeness of exposure of characterization in a concise, tangible, specific, and complete background, as well as with the ability to grow alive conflicts.
Keywords: creative writing, playscript, guided writing
REFERENSI
Aminuddin. 1994. Pembelajaran Terpadu sebagai Bentuk Penerapan Kurikulum 1994
Mata Pelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. Malang: IKIP Malang.
__________. 1996. Pengajaran Melalui Penelitian Area Isi Teks Naratif. Malang: IKIP
Malang.
Barnard, Erlin S. 1996. Application of Schema Theory in Teaching of Reading Using
Authentic Materials. Padang: IKIP Padang.
BogdandanBiklen, 1998. Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction on
Theory and Method. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Cox, Carole. 1999. Teaching Language Art: A Student-and Response-Centered
Classroom. Boston: Allyn & Bacon
Depdikbud. 1993. Penelitian Tindakan. Jakarta: Depdikbud.
Depdiknas. 2003. Kurikulum 2004: Pedoman Umum Pengembangan Silabus Berbasis
Kompetensi. Jakarta: Depdiknas.
Ellis, Arthur, dkk. 1989. Elementary Language Arts Instructions. New Jersey: Prentice
Hall.
Hamp—Lyons dan Heasley. 1987. Study Writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Hamzah, A. Ajib. 1985. Pengantar Bermain Drama. Bandung: CV Rosda.
Harymawan, R.M.A. 1974. Dramaturgi. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Hill, Susan dan Tim Hill. 1993. The Collaborative Classroom. Eleanor Curtain
Publishing Group.
Huck, Charlotte S. 1987. Children Literature in the Elementary School. New York: Hol
Rinerhart.
Jabrohim, dkk. 2001. Cara Menulis Kreatif. Yogyakarta: PustakaPelajar.
Marzano, Robert J. 1992. Dimensions of Thinking. ASCD. Alexandria: 125 New Street.
McNiff, Jean. 1992. Actions Research: A Short Modern History. Victoria: Deakin
University Press.
Milles, M.B. & Huberman, M.A. 1992. Analisis Data Kualitatif. Penerjemah: Tjetjep
Rohendi Rohidi. Jakarta: UI.
Moore, W. D. dkk. 1986. Developing Readers and Writers in the Content Area: K-12.
New York: Longman Inc.
Norton, Donna E. and Saundra Norton. 1994. Language Arts Activities for Children’s.
New York: MacMillan College Publising Company.
Nunan, David. 1991. LanguageTeaching Methodology: A Textbook for Teachers. New
York Prentice Hall.
Olson, Carrol Booth. 1992. Thinking/Writing: Fostering Critical Thinking Through
Writing. USA: Harper Collins Publisher.
Oxford, Rebecca L. 1990. Language Learning Strategies. Boston: Heinle & Heinle
Publisher.
Pamela, J.P. 1993. Language Arts a Process Approach. Dobeque: Win C. Brown
Communication.
Papas, Cristine C. dkk. 1990. An Integrated Language Perspective in The Elementary
School. London:Longman.
Pollard, A. dan Bourne, J. (Peny). 1994. Teaching and Learning in The Primary School.
New York: The Open University.
Robinson, Alan H. dan Nila B. Smith. 1980. Reading Instructions for Today’s Children.
Prentice Hall International USA.
Rofi’uddin, A.H. 1994. Rancangan Penelitian Tindakan. Malang: Lemlit IKIP Malang.
Rofi’uddin. 1997. PengajaranMembaca dan MenulisPermulaan. Malang: PPS IKIP
Madang.
Rofi’uddin. 2002. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Indonesia.
Malang: Fakultas Sastra UM.
Routman, Regie. 1994. Invitations: Changing as Teacher and Learners K-12.
Portsmount, NH: Heinemann.
Rubin, Dorothy. 1995. Teaching Elementary Language Arts: An Integrated Approach.
Boston: Allynang Bacon.
Shanahnan, Timothy. 1990. Reading and Writing Together: New Perspective for The
Classroom. Christopher-Gordon Publisher, Inc. Norword.
Syafe’i, Imam. 1994. Pengajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SD Berdasarkan Kurikulum 1994
dalam Sekolah Dasar: Kajian Teori dan Praktik Pendidikan. Thn. 3 No. 2
November 1994. hlm. 136.
Tompkins, Gaile. 1994. Teaching Writing: Balancing Process and Product. Macmillan
College Publishing Company, Inc.
Tompkins, G.E, and Hoskisson, K. 1991. Language Art: Contents and Teaching
Strategies. New York: McMillan College Publishing Company. Inc.
Waluyo, Herman J. 2001. Drama: Teori dan Pengajarannya. Yogyakarta: PT Hanindita
Graha.
Zuchdi, Darmiyati. 1997. Pembelajaran Menulis dengan Pendekatan Proses. Makalah
disajikan dan dibahas pada Senat Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni IKIP
Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, 15 November.